Tourmaline, the common name for gem-quality tourmaline, the English name is Tourmaline, derived from the ancient Sinhalese word "Turmali", meaning "mixed gemstones". In some historical documents in China, it is called â€œç ’Seleniumâ€, “Bixiâ€, “Bixiaxiâ€, “Broken evil gold†and so on.
The origin of the tourmaline, there is an interesting story: Legend 1703, a warm summer, in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, there are several children playing with the stones brought back by the Dutch voyager. Suddenly, a child found that the stones had sucked dust and grass clippings in the vicinity. The children were very surprised and asked their parents to see that the stone could attract or repel light objects such as dust and grass clippings. Therefore, the Dutch called it "the ash stone." It was not until 1768, when the famous Swedish scientist Linnes discovered the tourmaline, people gradually accepted and adopted the current name - tourmaline.
Tourmaline is the customary name of the jewelry industry in China, and belongs to the tourmaline family in mineralogy. The chemical formula is XR3Al6B3Si6O27(OH)4, wherein X is Na, K, Ca, and R is various metal ions, and the type and content of R directly affect the color of tourmaline. It is a trigonal system. The crystal is in the shape of a hexagonal column. There are many colors, such as colorless, rose red, pink, red, blue, green, yellow, brown and black, among which azure blue and fresh rose red are top grades. Glass luster, transparent to translucent, refractive index is generally 1.624-1.644, birefringence 0.018-0.040, dispersion 0.017. Very strong pleochroism. Hardness 7-7.5, density 3.06-3.26 g / cm3. No cleavage, shell-like fracture. Tourmaline also has piezoelectricity and pyroelectricity, which is the origin of the name of tourmaline.
The difference between tourmaline and similar gems. Similar to the red tourmaline, there are rubies, red spinels, spodumene, light red topaz, red beryl, and lilac crystal. Gemstones similar to green tourmalines include diopside, emerald, and green beryl. A gemstone similar to the blue tourmaline has a blue spinel. The difference between tourmaline is that there are obvious double shadows at the corners of tourmaline, gas-liquid inclusions and cracks are more, dichroism is strong, transparency is good, and the density and refractive index are greatly different, and the birefringence is large.
Tournament evaluation and purchase. Tourmaline uses color, transparency, internal defects and weight as the basis for evaluation and purchase. When purchasing, note that the transparency of the tourmaline is good, the surface has a glass luster, the same crystal color is uneven, and the internal defects (inclusions and cracks) are less. Tourmaline is brittle and should be worn to avoid impact.
The tourmaline is bright, beautiful, changeable, and highly transparent. It has been loved by people since ancient times. It is currently one of the mid-range gemstones next to emeralds and marbles. According to records, among the funerary objects of the Empress Dowager Cixi of the Qing Dynasty, there was a lotus flower carved out of the tourmaline, weighing 36.8 yuan, and the value at that time was 750,000 two silver. People set the tourmaline as "the birthstone of October", which symbolizes peace and peace.
The tourmaline-valued tourmaline is prolific in the core of the micro-plagioclase albite pegmatite with strong sodium-long petrochemical and lithium mica. 50-70% of the world's color tourmalines come from pegmatites in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. There are also countries such as the United States, Russia, Sri Lanka, and Myanmar. The tourmaline produced by Altay in Xinjiang, China, is crystal clear, with various colors, and has the inner-infrared green "watermelon skin" treasures.
Ancient Greece, people in celebrating the birthday of the goddess of the moon, on the altar placed in a candle and honey cakes. They believe that burning the candle with a mysterious power. If the child make a wish, and blew out all the candles, they can get it.And the candle is also called Votive Candles.Therefore, this custom spread so far.The custom of inserting candles on the birthday cake dates back to the ancient Greece and Rome. Admirers of the ancient Greek moon goddess Artemis in celebrating the birthday of the goddess of the moon, at the altar put in a burning candle and honey cakes. Later, this custom gradually evolved into children's birthday cake in a burning candle, and increased the content of blow out the candles. The ancient Greeks believed that a burning candle has a secret magical power, if a child has a wish and blew out all the candles, he may wish.Therefore,there are different kinds of candles,including Jelly Candle,Citronella Candles.
Birthday Candles,Alphanumeric Birthday Candles,Cartoon Birthday Candles,Votive Candles, Jelly Candle,Citronella Candles
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