The improvement of human living standards has brought about the requirements of comfort, hygiene and health care for clothing, and various functional textiles have also emerged. Fiber, the main raw material for making garments, has also become the focus of research. According to UN statistics, the total demand for antibacterial fiber in the world will reach around 90 million to 100 million tons by 2050. Since natural fibers are limited by natural conditions, it is impossible to increase production significantly, so it is necessary to rely on the growth of chemical fibers to meet the needs. With the continuous development of polymer chemistry, the production of garments has evolved from the special finishing of existing fibers or fabrics to the new functional fibers of today, and there have been many varieties of nano-antibacterial textile fibers.
Textiles developed or finished with bio-antibacterial agents are becoming more and more popular. In addition to overalls, sportswear, underwear, casual wear, household items, home decoration, etc. also pay attention to antibacterial functions. Textiles that have been antibacterially finished have become the sought after objects in the market. Such textiles can effectively inhibit the bacteria in the products in use, remove odors, and reduce the harm of bacteria to the human body.
To date, more than 100 institutions and industrial research units around the world are engaged in the exploration of nanofibers, textiles and polymers. The United States, the European Union and Japan are leading the way in this regard. In recent years, there have been some people in the nanotechnology of fiber and textiles. Interested in development.
Second, the concept and meaning
In real life, people inevitably come into contact with a variety of microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. These microorganisms grow rapidly under appropriate environmental conditions and spread diseases through contact and affect people's health. In daily life, all kinds of textiles are a good place for the survival of these microorganisms, and also an important source of disease. The antibacterial research of all textiles is of great significance.
Third, the development of textile materials and antibacterial
The modern application of antibacterial textiles began in the German army during the Second World War. Due to the equipped military clothing with antibacterial processing, the bacterial infection of the German wounded was greatly reduced.
After the 1950s, antibacterial technology was applied to famous products. In the Japanese market, antibacterial and deodorant products called sanitary processing appeared once, but due to technical defects, they quickly disappeared from the market.
By the mid-1960s, antibacterial and deodorant processing had once again attracted people's attention. The antibacterial agents used were organometallic compounds. These antibacterial agents have the advantages of good antibacterial effect, but they also have many disadvantages, such as organic metals, which cause skin diseases and washing. The sex is very poor, so there is no way to gain a foothold in the market. However, since then, the prelude of large-scale antibacterial and deodorant processing has been opened.
In Japan after the mid-1970s, sanitary finishing textiles have achieved industrial production. The earliest development of textile antibacterial, mildewproof and deodorant finishing methods has been carried out until now. The reason for this method is that it is easy to process, and there are many varieties of antibacterial agents to choose from, and the scope of application is wide, but the antibacterial effect cannot be durable. After several washings, the antibacterial effect is lost.
Despite this, natural fibers are difficult to obtain antibacterial effects by means of fiber modification, so textiles made of natural fibers have so far been dominated by nano antibacterial agents.
Beginning in the 1980s, textiles were gradually modified to obtain textiles with long-lasting antibacterial effects, which were mainly blended. The antibacterial agents used in the early stage of chemical fiber blending are generally metal ion-containing composites. These antibacterial agents have broad-spectrum antibacterial effects, are harmless to the human body, and have good thermal stability, which is beneficial to blending and spinning, but its antibacterial activity. The rate is only 70%~80%. Subsequent inorganic nano antibacterial and antifungal agents began to attract people's attention.
The antibacterial function of the fabric is mainly achieved by two methods: fiber modification processing and fabric finishing. The antibacterial durability of the fabric is poor, and the antibacterial effect of the product is gradually disappeared after the washing; the physical modification, the chemical modification, the composite spinning and the method of blending the antibacterial agent into the spinning solution to spun the fiber are adopted. The antibacterial fiber is prepared and woven into various fabrics and products with antibacterial properties, and has the characteristics of long-lasting antibacterial property, stable fiber performance, good woven fabric feel and high safety to human body.
In the early 1990s, with the development of nano-antibacterial agents, inorganic nano-bactericide micro-powders with natural substances as carriers appeared, and became an important means to manufacture nano-antibacterial and deodorant fibers. The antibacterial effect and safety evaluation of such nano-bactericides have gradually been shaped and standardized, and the application amount of nano-antibacterial and deodorant fibers has gradually increased in many fields.
Fourth, textile antibacterial mechanism
The antibacterial mechanism of textiles varies according to different antibacterial agents, and the following mechanisms are summarized.
(1) inactivating various metabolic enzymes in the bacterial cells to kill the bacteria;
(2) chemically reacting with the protease in the cell to destroy its function;
(3) blocking the synthesis of bacterial DNA, thereby inhibiting bacterial growth;
(4) destroying the energy release system in the cell;
(5) destroying the cellular protein structure and generating metabolic disorders;
(6) The adsorption of the electrostatic field causes the antimicrobial molecules to penetrate into the cell wall, causing the bacterial cells to rupture and the inclusions to leak and kill the bacteria.
V. Antibacterial and deodorizing mechanism of inorganic nano antibacterial agents
Inorganic nano-antibacterial deodorant is generally divided into contact type antibacterial agent, photocatalytic inorganic nano antibacterial deodorant and photocatalytic deodorization method.
Metal antibacterial agents commonly used in chemical fibers are silver, zinc and their compounds. The silver-based antibacterial agent fixes silver ions in the material by physical adsorption or ion exchange. Zinc oxides are also commonly used as antibacterial agents. It has ideal dyeability and color stability, and has broad spectrum of antibacterial properties, heat resistance, durability and safety to human body. Photocatalytic inorganic antibacterial agents can only kill the bacteria's performance in the province, and can kill and eliminate bacteria and residues together, and at the same time reduce the decomposition of toxins secreted by bacteria.
[China Antibacterial Fabric Network ]
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