"The opening ceremony of the China (Beijing) International Energy Summit and the Third China Energy Economic Forum" was held in Beijing on July 28. The picture above shows the inspector Yan Guangfeng of the Environmental Impact Assessment Department of the Ministry of Environmental Protection. (Source: Sina Finance Liang Bin photo)
Sina Financial News "The opening ceremony of the China (Beijing) International Energy Summit and the Third China Energy Economic Forum" was held in Beijing on July 28. According to Lu Guangguang, inspector of the Environmental Impact Assessment Department of the Ministry of Environmental Protection, high-rise sources and sources of irrigation and low-altitude sources cannot spread out. This is an important reason for the formation of haze in Beijing because of Beijing's urban planning and urban structure. There are considerable problems. Beijing is full. The capital with the highest number of high-rise buildings in the world, in the original plan, no more than 17 floors of buildings could be built in the second ring of Beijing. The three-ring and four-ring were opened. Within the city, the cars often did not move and the average speed was more than ten kilometers. Gasoline combustion is extremely incomplete. The emission of automobile exhaust gas is quite serious. The city's internal sources are low altitude and the surrounding extensions are elevated, forming a very severe haze in Beijing. The winter is worse than summer because of heating in winter.
The following is a speech record:
Yan Guangfeng: Just now, Xu Shenshi talked about PM2.5. I have elaborated several aspects on the atmospheric environmental pollution caused by energy problems. Now it is time to seriously affect people's health, and it can be said that it is what we call energy. Reform and structural adjustment of energy constitute a very serious threat.
Energy structure adjustment and energy revolution are imminent. As we all know, in the past few years, especially after 2012, the regional haze weather, as soon as winter arrives, the haze has developed very quickly and is relatively large, like the Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and even Northeast China. The old industrial bases, such as Harbin and Jilin, have experienced severe haze pollution. The academic and environmental protection communities are also conducting in-depth research on haze pollution. The Chinese Academy of Environmental Sciences and many other universities are analyzing the mechanism of haze formation. As far as Beijing is concerned, since it is the capital, the international influence is very large, and the research on the mechanism of the formation of haze has been deepened.
At present, there is generally such a point that the Beijing Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau has also relatively recognized this point of view. It is the interaction between internal extension and extension. There are several safety protection distances along the periphery of Beijing. A distance of 300 km to 500 km is a distance, and 250 km is a Distance, the 200th Asian Games, from the beginning of May for the Olympic low-altitude environmental pollution and traffic congestion protection work, from the perspective of low-level environmental pollution, due to enter the non-heat season, from May to lay out the task, starting in June Inspection, part of the industrial boiler kiln or ban burning or limited burning, construction site shut down, renovation market from the beginning of June are closed until the Olympic Games opened after the opening, which is an extension. The extension has basically formed three 300 million tons of production capacity. The extension circle has a capacity of nearly 300 million tons of cement building materials, 300 million tons of steel, and 300 million tons of raw coal into thermal power, including the large North China Power Grid. There are 10 million tons of TEU flat glass, as well as petrochemical, in short, along the periphery of Greater Beijing, in terms of the extension, the contribution rate to Beijing haze is also close to 1/3.
Therefore, in the 10 countries, the Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism for the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region and the surrounding areas was proposed. Some new types of layout productivity and the transformation of the old industrial base have adopted the mechanism of consultation between Beijing and neighboring provinces. It can be said that joint prevention and control have been successful. The paradigm guarantees the convening of the Olympic Games, but the cost is huge. It starts from May, and in June, July and August, it restricts or prohibits many enterprises from producing. The extension part has a unique feature. No matter it is an electric field, a steel mill, a building material or a thermal power source, it is basically an elevated source with a high chimney.
Internally, one is that the production and life of the city includes the lives of millions of households and the life of thermoelectricity. The other is the exhaust of the automobile. The internal delay is roughly 2/3, and the extension is 1/3. Most of the internal delay is low-altitude sources, especially automobile exhaust, more than 500 million vehicles, basically low-altitude sources, and the nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide emitted are basically suspended at about 1 meter, which is called respirable particulate matter and harm to human body. Larger than PM10. Elevation source irrigation, low-level sources can not go out, this is an important reason for the formation of haze in Beijing, why not go out? Because Beijing has very serious urban planning and urban structure, Beijing is the capital with the most high-rise buildings in the world. It can also be said that China is the country with the highest number of high-rise buildings in the world, and the elevator market accounts for nearly 70% of the world’s elevator market. One of the great things. In the original plan, no more than 17 floors of buildings could be built in Beijing's second ring, and the three rings and four rings were let go. Since the second ring has Zhongnanhai, Beijing is seen from the air, and now it has reached the sixth ring, and the building is built along the ring line. Looking from the air there is a stadium in Beijing, in a circle, six laps, in the city, cars often can not run, the average speed of more than ten kilometers, gasoline combustion is extremely incomplete, the exhaust emissions of the car is quite serious, The city’s inner source is low altitude, and the surrounding extension is elevated. It forms a very severe haze in Beijing. The winter is worse than summer because of heating in winter.
The solution to Beijing's haze was the State Council’s ten atmospheric issues. Just now it was mentioned that the extension was joint prevention and control, and a consultation mechanism was formed. In terms of internal delays, the automobile limit number during the Olympic Games was implemented with single and double numbers, and now every week there are restrictions on motor vehicles. However, from the point of view of transportation, rail transit should be vigorously developed. The Beijing Metro is more than 500 kilometers far from enough. It is a very favorable measure to vigorously develop rail transit and public transportation and vigorously develop electric vehicles. In addition, the use of non-burning shallow geothermal heating to ensure that this technology is very mature, but we are not enough to promote this technology, that is to use 1/3 of the power to replace 2/3 of the heat energy can be hot and cold exchange, can be The heating and temperature regulation of the film should be said to be very mature technology in the construction of the community. Nowadays, some non-burning geothermal technologies are used in some Olympic venues.
What are you worried about now? Not only Beijing, but also the nation’s urban planning path is the high-rise of residential areas. The population is very dense. Like Tokyo, Osaka, and Seoul in South Korea, their civilian housing is mainly non-high-rise, and their high-rise buildings are basically commercial and non-residential. Seoul and Tokyo are big cities. Like Seoul, it accounts for almost one-third of the country's population. Tokyo and Osaka also account for more than one-third of the country's population. Why can their civilian housing be lowered, and the city's operating costs are much lower than ours? In our city, there are four power-consuming tigers: elevators, multiple pressurized water pumps, cooling and air-conditioning ventilation systems, temperature control systems, and indoor lighting. Non-industrial ones are the increase in urban living electricity consumption at an annual rate of 8%. Some industrial energy-saving and emission-reducing capacity and space are quickly filled by life. The future high-level urbanization is an important source of urban energy burden. Some people say that our land is tense, and the land in Tokyo and Seoul is more tense. There are many institutional Problems, I went to the Osaka Environmental Protection Agency. Several of the bureaus were together and the health was all together. They only had ten or more square meters of office space. Their non-livelihood construction is much less than ours. Our non-livelihood land is too large. There are a number of training centers, a variety of non-residential sites, wide roads, and major squares. The so-called image projects, performance projects, hotels, and hotel lobby. It is magnificent and extremely large. In other countries, there are very few such cases, and non-livelihoods and government occupy too many lands. In terms of urban energy consumption, the haze pollution of the city has forced us to change the energy structure of the city and reconsider the path of urbanization. High-rise buildings do not represent urbanization, and urban heating is a force-reducing mechanism.
Second, international pressure. In 2002, China was also a signatory to the Kyoto Protocol. China emphasized the right to development of developing countries. The Kyoto Protocol took 10 years to lag behind China. It only officially fulfilled the contract in 2012 and the Kyoto Protocol formed a Kyoto consensus. There are two, one is that global warming is an artificial social and economic activity. Second, in order to maintain the stability of the global environment, the temperature can not rise 2 degrees, if you break through the rise of 2 degrees, the Arctic glaciers, ice features may melt, threatening some low-lying countries and island countries. Third, about the world's largest annual carbon dioxide environmental capacity is 30 billion tons, which was nearly 32 billion tons at that time. After 12 years, roughly 36 billion tons, 31 billion tons, China could emit more than 8 billion tons, and now it is less than 90. Billion tons, from the environmental diplomacy of the 1980s, our country has two trump cards, one is the per capita emission, and the other is the jump of developing countries. We are developing countries. According to the current data, environmental diplomacy is When these two trump cards were played, it was a bit difficult. China's population was roughly one-fifth of the world's total, but carbon dioxide emissions exceeded one-fourth. Another point is that the developing countries, the Indian Ocean and the island nations of the South Pacific are more worried about the increase in temperature. Then Saharan countries are worried about the drier climate and desertification, followed by the tropical rain forest countries. The Saharan countries, the tropical rain forest countries and the Indian Ocean island countries are basically It belongs to the third world. This is a forceful mechanism and it is very stressful.
If our pace in energy restructuring is not particularly obvious, our carbon dioxide emissions remain high, and we may face a non-tariff trade barrier during the compliance process, and face carbon tax and other sanctions. Our current industrial structure is a U-shaped structure. China is still not free from the state of the world's factories. What are the characteristics of the U-shaped structure? The U-shaped structure is very unfavorable to us. We can say that we have foreign exchange, less pollution, less money and pollution, R&D, production, pollution, and cheap labor, including R&D and the market. The reserve world is the largest, but to a certain extent, most of the garments and hats we produce are made from cotton, leather, and fur on our country. China is the world's largest producer of cashmere sweaters and the best wool for worsted, Some of the imports are from Australia, but in terms of total volume, imports only account for a small part, and the vast majority are our own. A large number of domestic production, if Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei joint defense and joint control is a countermeasure, public transport is a countermeasure. In the international market, the amount of carbon consumed by any product that uses Chinese labels can not be appropriate from the total amount of carbon discharged. To reduce it, or else China’s burden is too heavy, this is a forceful mechanism to reduce environmental pressure.
Third, energy security has been forced. One is the dependence of oil by 60% and the dependence of natural gas by more than 50%. Now it is basically petroleum diplomacy. The state leaders’ visits basically have the task of buying oil and natural gas. For oil or natural gas, look at the places of origin, Western Asia, North Africa, some countries of the former Soviet Union, and some Central and South American countries. From the global situation, there are many uncertainties in these countries. Even if we buy them, we Having shipped back, such as the Straits of Malacca, there are many uncertainties along the way. In order to reduce these uncertainties, Russia has buried oil pipelines, built pipelines from the Indian Ocean and Myanmar, and bypassed the Strait of Malacca. However, North Africa, West Asia, and South East America are still the main supply lines. Can we now have very strong ocean guarding ability? Although we have also considered aircraft carriers, internationally, since the Naval Warfare 120 years ago, we have had little experience in ocean-going operations and our ocean-going security capabilities have yet to be further tested. All in all, there are certain uncertainties and there are certain risks. In the past two years, due to the natural factors of typhoon, Shenzhen refueled had to queue up, and a gas station only added 50 yuan of oil to each vehicle. This is not yet another factor, which is caused by the typhoon.
In summary, one is the domestic air pollution, one is the “Kyoto Protocolâ€, global climate change, and the other is energy transportation safety. These aspects are forcing the energy structure to be adjusted and require us to carry out a thorough and in-depth study. Energy revolution.
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