1. Preparation for seedlings (1) Preparing materials for seedlings
(2) Choosing a suitable nursery location
Since the dry seedlings are the seedlings that only maintain the wet state of the soil during the whole seedling process and the water layer is never established, the non-woven seedlings are mostly selected for the dry nursery.
In order to meet the conditions of dry farming, it is necessary to select plots with flat terrain, high dryness, convenient drainage, and leeward sunny, and avoid low-lying cold places. Subject to the restrictions, only in areas where Honda nursery is raised, it is also necessary to select relatively high-lying plots and build high-rise platforms to strive to achieve the above-mentioned conditions for dry farming.
(3) Choosing the appropriate breeding method
Ordinary dry seedlings, floppy seedlings, isolation layer seedlings, and seedlings.
(4) Determining the area of ​​Putian and making the bed
The area of ​​the field can be calculated based on the size of the Honda area and the ratio of the Honda field to the selected seedling method. Putian area = Honda area × 秧 Honda ratio
Number of nursery beds = area of ​​Putian 净 net sown area per bed
For example: using ordinary dry seedling method, the net sown area per bed is 22.5 square meters, that is, the net length of the bed is 15 meters, the net broadcast width is 1.5 meters, and the breeding of 1 hectare (15 acres) of Honda rice seedlings is: 秧田 area = 15 acres × 1 / 70 ≈ 143 square meters
Number of nursery beds = 143 square meters ÷ 22.5 square meters ≈ 6.5
It is best to carry out the bed preparation in Putian in the autumn of the previous year. This will not only improve the soil ripening effect and nutrient release ability, but also alleviate the contradiction between spring busyness and labor shortage. When you sit in bed in the spring, you should be as early as possible. The preparation of the ground and the bed should be carried out under water-free conditions, that is to say, the land should be dry and the bed should be dry. First, the surface of the field will be flattened, and then the trench will be placed on the bed. The width of the bed is 1.8-2.0 meters and the height is 10-15 cm. The bed length can be determined according to the condition of the nursery and the specifications of the non-woven fabric, generally 10-15 meters, and the drainage ditch is 10 cm deep. When raising seedlings in dry dry fields and gardens, sit on a flat bed or bed with a slight height. For fixed polders, the decomposed organic fertilizer should be added every year according to the specific seedling method to supplement the soil and nutrients taken by the rice seedlings and taken away.
2. Seed treatment
(1) Seed selection and seed drying
Seed selection. Includes air selection, screening and salt water selection. Wind selection can remove waxy grains and light-weight impurities; screening can remove impurities such as broken rice grains and sandstone; salt water can further remove waxy grains, diseased grains, etc., so that the seeds reach a full degree of fullness, so as to ensure the uniform growth of seedlings. The key to the selection of brine is to equip with the appropriate proportion of salt water. The specific gravity of the salt water used for selecting rice seeds is 1.10-1.13, which is the most suitable. The lower limit of the seed is taken, and the upper limit of the seedless or short-horned seed is taken. The specific preparation method is: 100 kg of water and 20-25 kg of salt, stirred and dissolved, and then measured by a hydrometer. If there is no hydrometer, you can use fresh eggs instead, and it is appropriate to put fresh eggs in the solution to reveal a 5-point coin size. The following points should be noted in the selection of brine: First, the operation is fast. The time from the seed into the salt water to remove the floating valley above should not exceed 5 minutes, otherwise the light seeds will sink and sink; the second is to measure the concentration of the solution at any time during continuous operation. If the specific gravity is reduced, add salt to restore it to its original concentration.
Sunburn. The method is to select sunny days before soaking seeds, pour the seeds on the crepe or concrete floor, evenly spread into 3-4 cm thick, and turn them over and over to make the seeds evenly exposed to light, generally 1-2 days. Be careful not to puncture the seed coat when turning the seed. When the sun is full and the temperature is high, it is necessary to increase the number of seed flips to prevent long-term exposure. Cover it at night to prevent low temperatures. Be careful not to get wet.
(2) Doing germination test
When germination test is carried out, different varieties, or different origins of the same variety, or seeds purchased in non-synchronization should be carried out separately. If it is done at the same time, it must be marked separately. The test seeds must be representative, that is, randomly sampled in different parts of the seed pile (or bag), and then fully mixed for germination test. When the amount of seeds is large and the variety is large, the germination is carried out by using an incubator or a fire. Take 50 or 100 capsules of the test seeds, place them in a germination dish with a filter paper (or absorbent cotton) or a dish, bowl, etc., add enough water, cover the filter paper or gauze, and place it in an incubator or on a fire. , the temperature is maintained at 28-30 ° C for germination. On the 3rd and 7th days, the number of germinated seeds was recorded and the germination rate and germination potential were calculated. When the amount of seeds to be tested is small and the variety is small, the flask can be used for germination. After soaking about 100 seeds in warm water at 30 ° C for 3 hours, they were placed in a small gauze bag, leaving a line at the mouth of the bag. The thermos bottle contains half a bottle of 30-35 ° C warm water, the seed bag is suspended above the water surface of the thermos bottle, the stopper is insulated, and the warm water is changed 1-2 times a day. Generally, 2-3 days can be used to bud. After germination test, the germination rate is above 90% and can be used for production. When the germination rate is slightly lower, the amount of sowing should be increased accordingly. Seeds with a germination rate of less than 80% cannot be used and should be replaced in time.
(3) soaking seeds, germination
Soaking and disinfecting. A commonly used and effective method is to put the seeds into a well-permeable woven bag or a special bag for soaking seeds, and immerse them in clear water at about 18 °C for 4-6 days to absorb enough water. Stir and change the water every 1-2 days. When the embryo and the endosperm are faintly identifiable through the rice husk, the embryo expands and the endosperm becomes soft. When the remaining part of the hull is peeled off by hand, it indicates that the seed has absorbed enough water.
Treating rice seeds with special effect seed disinfectant can effectively kill pathogenic bacteria attached to rice seeds and prevent infectious diseases such as rice blast, mite disease and bacterial leaf blight during seedling stage. Disinfection and soaking should be carried out at the same time. Dissolve the disinfectant in the soaking water according to the instructions for use and soak a certain amount of seeds.
Promote germination. Germination is a process of artificially creating suitable water, gas and heat conditions to promote the concentrated and neat germination of rice seeds. Under the same conditions, the germination germination is faster than the germination of the seedlings for more than 3 days, and the seedlings are uniform and the seedlings are increased by 5%-10%. Therefore, no matter which breeding method is adopted, it should be germinated and then sown. The rice seeds can be germinated after being strictly sterilized and fully immersed in the water.
The scale of germination is to achieve the whitening of the seeds, and the radicle and germ length are no more than 2 mm. The basic technology of germination is "
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