Our reporter Yu Xianfeng Zhang Renjun

There are silkworms (silkworms) in the south and tussahs in the north. Speaking of the Silk Road, everyone is familiar with the ancient Silk Road from western China to Europe. As one of the weavers of silk civilization - tussah, as a carrier of goods and culture, during the Qing Dynasty Jiaqing to Daoguang years from Shandong It spread to Liaoning, spread to North Korea in the 17th century, spread to Japan in 1877, and spread to the former Soviet Union in 1924, forming a Northeast Asian Silk Road with wild silk as its main trade.

At present, the stocking area of ​​tussah in Liaoning Province is about 8 million mu, and the annual stocking capacity is 80,000 to 100,000 (one 80 mu). The annual average yield is more than 50,000 tons, accounting for about 70% of the national silkworm cocoon production. More than 60% of production is the world's largest production, processing and export base for silkworm cocoons.

a green road to income increase

The tussah is named after the eucalyptus leaves. From the Liaodong Peninsula in the east of Liaoning Province to the mountainous area in the west of Liaoning, there are natural forests everywhere. Eucalyptus is characterized by its resistance to inferiority, drought tolerance and vitality, and provides a rich source of food for the breeding of tussah. Doing a good job in the management and construction of the market and developing tussah production is not only harmless, but also conducive to soil and water conservation and promote ecological balance.

Taipingchuan Village, Hushan Town, Kuandian County has a tradition of releasing silkworms. Nowadays, with the improvement of sericulture, the village's original barren hills have been planted with eucalyptus trees and built a garden suitable for sericulture. The villager Huang Weiguo told the reporter: "When I remembered, I followed my grandfather to watch the silkworms. After the old man taught them and groped myself, I learned this technique. Most of the villagers released silkworms, and the original collective gardens in the village were equally distributed. Everyone. I also contracted some of the 900 acres of gardens that I bought.

With the support of Kuandian County Sericulture Terminal, Huang Weiguo began to build an ecological garden in the past few years and replanted nearly 100,000 eucalyptus trees. He said: "At that time, the market price of eucalyptus seedlings would be 8 cents, and the eucalyptus seedlings would not. Good to buy, can not buy money. With the growth of eucalyptus, the garden has increased production year by year. Last spring, the silkworms put 6 kg of moth eggs, picking up 80 thousand grains, and selling 1,000 tablets for 1,650 yuan. Ten thousand yuan, one year gross income of more than 200,000 yuan, net profit of 145,000 yuan. Now everyone is called eucalyptus as a cash cow."

He Wei, director of the Kuding Industry General Station of Kuandian County, said: "Because our sericulture system has limited funds and the construction area of ​​the park is large, last year we adopted the method of "borrowing chickens and laying eggs" and using the ecological construction funds of the county people's bureau. The construction of the park. The People's Bureau of the People's Republic of China invested 2.61 million seedlings, 80,000 sericulture stations, and 22,000 mu of planting gardens."

In an ecological garden in Fangmu Village, Dongtang Town, Fengcheng City, the reporter saw a gate gully in the garden to prevent soil erosion. Zhao Jun, the owner of Liyuan, told the reporter: "There is not much land in our village. The source of the economy mainly depends on the garden. In the past few years, through the construction of the ecological garden, the pruning of the pruning, the replanting of the replanting, and the establishment of technicians. The pest and disease early warning and reporting system has now improved two or three times."

Han Zhaoguo, director of the Fengcheng Sericulture Management Station, said: "The tree cultivation technology we promoted has been recognized by the people, and the original dry and low-drying eucalyptus trees in the garden have been upgraded into medium-sized eucalyptus trees. Drying the abduction tree type, the eucalyptus canopy presents a multi-layered three-dimensional structure, making full use of space and light energy, which is conducive to increasing the leaf yield and the amount of pupa per unit area of ​​the 柞Gang, and is also conducive to improving the quality of the cocoon."

In 2016, the area of ​​tussah stocking in Liaoning Province decreased slightly year-on-year, the output increased slightly, the price of silkworm pupa increased significantly, and the output value of sericulture increased significantly. The annual locust stocking area of ​​the province is 6 million mu, which is 15% lower than the previous year. The output of silkworm cocoons is 52,000 tons, which is 8.3% higher than last year. The output value of silkworm cocoons is 2.1 billion yuan, an increase of 16.7% compared with the previous year.

Song Guozhu, director of the Liaoning Provincial Silkworm Management Station, said: "The sericulture industry is a traditional industry and characteristic advantage industry in Liaoning Province. Its economic, ecological and social benefits are significant. It is an important economic source for the mountain people to survive and get rid of poverty. It has become a leading industry that is difficult to replace in the mountainous areas of Liaoning Province, and has played an important role in the coordinated development of urban and rural economy."

a road to technological innovation

The Liaoning sericulture industry has always dominated the production of tussah at home and abroad, and the production of tussah pupa accounts for about 70% of the country. The production, learning and research institutions of Liaoning Sericulture are complete. The Liaoning Sericulture Science Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University Biotechnology College and Tieling Vocational and Technical College provide many scientific research achievements for sericulture production and cultivate a certain number of professional and technical personnel. At present, 90% of the practical technology of the sericulture industry and 80% of the applied varieties are created by Liaoning science and technology personnel. These scientific and technological achievements provide strong technical support for the steady and healthy development of the Liaoning sericulture industry.

The Liaoning Sericulture Science Research Institute is the birthplace of the scientific and technological achievements of the world sericulture industry. It has maintained the leading position in the sericulture scientific research and the practical technology of the sericulture industry. It has won 5 national invention awards and 2 countries. 217 scientific and technological achievements such as the Science and Technology Progress Award and the 7 provincial and ministerial first prizes accounted for more than 70% of the national tussah scientific and technological achievements. At the same time, the Institute maintains 80% of the world's tussah germplasm resources, providing a solid foundation for the continuous creation of new tussah varieties.

"We will provide the excellent new varieties to the silkworm farmers in a timely manner. For example, the new high-feeding efficiency cultivar Liaosong 582 and its hybrid Liaoshen 5821 are the new tussah production practical varieties newly introduced by Liaoning Sericulture Science Research Institute. The feed conversion efficiency of the variety is high, the quality of the sorghum and the male and female sputum are small, and it has strong resistance to the main diseases of the tussah, and it is suitable for the market demand of the new tussah cultivar in the main tussah production area. At the same time, we also provide pests and diseases. Dr. Chen Zengliang, a researcher from the Liaoning Sericulture Research Institute, told the reporter that the prevention and control, light and simplified stocking, and ecological garden construction were related.

Li Shuying, the chief of the Liaoning Sericulture Science Research Institute and the chief expert of the tussah innovation team in Liaoning Province, told the reporter: "The high feed efficiency of tussah and the breeding and promotion of new disease-resistant varieties have changed the lack of tussah dominant varieties and low feed utilization in the past. The chaotic situation of serious disease has established a perfect breeding model of 'species conservation→species breeding→breeding→variety promotion' and the corresponding diversified utilization mode of tussah resources, and achieved good application. The effect, while creating huge economic benefits for mountain farmers, has effectively promoted the development of rural characteristic industrial economy."

This year, Liaoning tussah will complete the promotion area of ​​1.7 million mu in 10 project areas of the province under the support of the central financial agricultural science and technology promotion project “Integration and promotion of high-quality and efficient eco-production technology of tussah” and the sericulture industrial technology project of the Ministry of Agriculture. Carry out technical training at the provincial, city and county levels, promote the application of ecological garden construction and integrated innovative technologies for high-quality and efficient ecological stocking of tussah.

a comprehensive utilization road

Tussah silk is the only natural wild insect protein fiber in the world. It is known as “green natural textile fiber” and has always been used as a high-grade textile and apparel fabric. The fiber contains 18 kinds of amino acids similar to human skin. It has good physiological adaptability to the human body, is comfortable to the body, and enjoys the reputation of “the second skin of the human body”. It can be applied to food, health care products, cosmetics and new biological materials.

From Xiuyan County to the southwest, driving over 40 kilometers on the winding mountain road, Xiuyan County Longda Silk Products Co., Ltd. is located in a quiet village. "At the beginning, it was mainly made of silk quilts. Later, a little bit of development began to be deep-processed. About 80 to 1 million tons of silkworm cocoons were purchased into tussah silk each year. Among them, more than 30 tons were exported to India and Japan." Longda silk products Jiang Bo, general manager of the company, told reporters. In order to support the production of silkworm farmers, Longda Silk Products Co., Ltd. established a cooperative, rented a 1000-acre garden for free use by cooperative members, and drove more than 50 silkworm farmers.

There are more than 100 silk fabrics in Liaoning, which have formed a multi-functional processing system for silk, silk, printing and dyeing. The annual output value of sericulture production reaches 1.5 billion yuan, and the annual average output value of comprehensive utilization is 10 billion yuan. Tussah silk products are high-end health products, which are more and more popular. "In the past, most of the silkworms were pulled home from the saplings to burn the firewood. Now we turn the fallen branches into raw materials for the production of edible fungi. The edible fungi are combined with the sericulture industry. Use, it is lower than the normal value, producing more than 1 million bags of bacteria sticks per year, one mushroom stick can save more than 2 dollars." Deng Yuguo, director of the Pratt & Whitney Edible Fungus Planting Professional Cooperative.

In recent years, research on the comprehensive utilization of tussah resources has made great progress, with significant economic benefits and good ecological and social benefits. There are 8 million mu of alfalfa in Liaoning Province, and the alfalfa tree material that is rotated down is a good substrate for cultivating edible fungi. It can be used for 4 years and can produce 1.5 million tons of lychee per year. It can produce 7.5 billion sticks of edible fungi. At the same time, it saves nearly 2.3 million cubic meters of wood, which not only solves the matrix problem for the production of edible fungi, but also protects the forest and mountain ecology.

Tussah is not only limited to silk silk, but also widely used in medicine, health care, food, biological control and feed industry. The tussah silk high-grade outerwear material, tussah silk high-grade decorative silk, tussah silk composite silk knitted underwear, tussah silk silk art and crafts, tussah silk fibroin peptide and its cosmetics have been developed as a highlight of Liaoning silkworm silk industry. , is widely welcomed by consumers.

Song Guozhu, director of the Liaoning Provincial Silkworm Main Station, said that around the development concept of “innovation, coordination, green, openness and sharing”, Liaoning will focus on building modern agriculture, increasing farmers' income and increasing the vitality of rural development. Promote the reform of the supply side of the province's sericulture industry, promote the appropriate scale of various forms of operation, promote the production of new varieties and technologies in the sericulture industry, continuously improve the sericulture ability to withstand natural disasters, and enhance the standardization, intensification, specialization and industrialization of sericulture. Level, to achieve industrial efficiency, increase income of silkworm farmers and sustainable industrial development.

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