Among the many processing techniques of nonwovens, spunbonding is a young and promising new technology. Compared with traditional non-woven fabric processing technology (such as dry process), it has the advantages of advanced technology, short process, low cost, easy availability of raw materials, excellent product performance and wide application. Secondly, due to the large amount of polypropylene (or polyester) used as raw material, its advantages in slicing price, processing, production cost, etc., also greatly promoted the development of the spunbond industry; in addition, spunbond nonwovens The cloth has excellent mechanical properties, isotropic, tensile strength, elongation at break, tear strength and other indicators are better than dry, wet, meltblown nonwovens, so it can meet the needs of a variety of applications, It has greatly expanded the traditional application of nonwoven fabrics.
1 Industry background of spunbonded nonwovens
The key to spunbond technology is spinning, drawing, laying and web forming speed. From this point of view, the spunbonding method is a combination of chemical, plastic, paper, chemical fiber, aviation and other industries. Sexual technology. From the point of view of the industry, spunbonded nonwovens, although a branch of the textile industry, have become a relatively independent and most energetic production industry; at the same time, because spunbonded nonwovens are made of petrochemical polymers ( Polypropylene chips or polyester chips) are emerging materials made by direct-laid method. Therefore, it is also closely related to the petrochemical and emerging materials industries.
2 Production and consumption of spunbonded non-woven fabrics
2.1 International production status
Since the United States DuPont first industrialized the spunbonded nonwovens production technology in the late 1950s, countries around the world have begun production. Especially in the past 20 years, its development has become more remarkable and perfect. By 2000, the world's total production of nonwovens had exceeded 3 million tons.
The development of the nonwovens industry in the United States, Western Europe and Japan represents the mainstream of the world's nonwovens, and the three production accounts for about 85% of the world's total non-woven fabric production. Asia, South America and other regions have experienced the fastest growth in the past 10 years, although the output is low, the annual growth rate is as high as 10% to 15%.
The United States is the country with the earliest development and largest output of non-woven fabrics, and has always been in the leading position in the world. Its output is growing at a rate of 7% per year, accounting for more than half of the world's non-woven fabric production. By 1998, its output exceeded 900,000 tons, still ranking first in the world. Among them, the melt-spun nonwoven fabric (referred to as the polymer extrusion method such as spunbonding method and melt-blown method) has developed most rapidly, and its output has exceeded that of dry-laid nonwoven fabric, accounting for 54%.
The European non-woven fabric industry developed relatively slowly before 1970. It has developed rapidly since 1970. At present, the output has reached 800,000 tons. The technology used is mainly dry and spunbond, and dry production accounts for 49.1%. The spunbond process accounted for 41%. The Western European nonwovens industry has grown rapidly in recent years, with the spunbond method being more pronounced.
Japan began to develop the nonwovens industry in 1959. In 1985, the output was about 100,000 tons, of which dry method accounted for about 70%, spunbond method accounted for about 22%, and its non-woven fabric output in 1994 was 198,200 tons. It was 272,300 tons, and it reached 297,900 tons in 1997. The current output has exceeded 300,000 tons.
2.2 International consumption status
The United States is the largest consumer of non-woven fabrics, accounting for about 60% of the world's total consumption, and the per capita annual consumption is more than 3kg. The growing demand for nonwovens in the United States has contributed to the rapid development of nonwovens. In the various applications of nonwovens in the United States, the main markets for disposables are industrial rags and medical materials; the main markets for durable types are industrial applications, home decoration, carpet backings and geotextiles. The dry and wet processes of Western European nonwovens are mainly thin products, and the spunbond method is mainly medium and thick. Among them, sanitary covering materials are the main ones, accounting for 25%. Secondly, the fastest growing is geotextile and building materials. In 1982, the proportion was only 17.9%. By 1989, it had increased to 21% and the output had increased by 1.2 times. In the third place, furniture and household goods accounted for 11%. Again, rags accounted for 9%, filter materials accounted for 6%, and lining and coating materials each accounted for 5%. Other uses account for a small proportion and are in the development stage.
Compared with the United States and Western Europe, Japan's non-woven fabric factory is relatively small, and the per capita consumption is also far from the United States. Different from the United States and Western Europe, the amount of nonwovens used for sanitary coatings in Japan is relatively small, mainly used in automobiles, carpet backings, filtration, etc., which accounts for about 70%. In recent years, medical and health supplies have increased rapidly.
If calculated by value, the world's consumption of non-woven fabrics is ranked from high to low: industrial, medical, household, construction, ecology, packaging, clothing, geotechnical, transportation, protection, farmland and sports.
2.3 China's production status
China's spunbond technology started late, more than 25 years later than the international spunbond process. In 1986, the first production line was introduced from Germany. By 1989, only three 1000t/a spunbond lines were put into production. The total production capacity is 3000t/a, and the annual output only accounts for 3% of the total output of non-woven fabrics nationwide.
In recent years, China's non-woven fabric industry has developed rapidly. At present, there are more than 600 domestic production enterprises with more than 1,000 production lines and a production capacity of 600,000 tons. In 2000, the total output of non-woven fabrics was 380,000-400,000 tons. In particular, the ability and yield of spunbonded nonwovens has grown rapidly, with an average annual growth rate of over 25%. As of the end of August 2000, the number of spunbond factories that have been put into production and under construction in the country has reached 48. There are 65 spunbond production lines of various brands at home and abroad, and the localization of equipment is 41.5%. The total production capacity is 208,800 tons. Six of the 65 production lines are polyester spunbond production lines with an annual production capacity of 17,000 tons and the remaining thin spunbond production lines.
At present, the main manufacturers of spunbond production lines in China are shown in Table 1.
In the past year, China's non-woven fabric factories signed six imported spunbond production lines with foreign countries. One of them was installed in Dalian Ruiguang Nonwovens Co., Ltd., and the other five new spunbond equipments were introduced in the first half of this year.
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