LED optical design basics

LEDs are point sources that differ from current energy-saving lamps or incandescent lamps on the market. Point light source, as its name suggests, is a point of light, and this point of light also has another important feature, that is, only one side has light (all

How to identify sapphire synthetic products

1. The original crystal form: the natural product has a barrel shape, a column shape, a plate shape crystal form, the crystal surface is horizontally developed, and the crack perpendicular to the C axis develops, so the fracture is stepped, and some samples have a